史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

作者：Sunnier

来源：http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

 <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> 
 <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
 <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
 <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
 <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
 <mvc:annotation-driven />
 
 <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
 id="internalResourceViewResolver">
 <!-- 前缀 -->
 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
 <!-- 后缀 -->
 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
 </bean>
</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {
 @RequestMapping("/hello")
 public String hello(){ 
 return "hello";
 }
}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam　

在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入参

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

 //match automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person")
 public String toPerson(String name,double age){
 System.out.println(name+" "+age);
 return "hello";
 }

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;
public class Person {
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 public int getAge() {
 return age;
 }
 public void setAge(int age) {
 this.age = age;
 }
 private String name;
 private int age;
 
}

2.在Controller里编写方法

 //boxing automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person1")
 public String toPerson(Person p){
 System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
 return "hello";
 }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

 //the parameter was converted in initBinder
 @RequestMapping("/date")
 public String date(Date date){
 System.out.println(date);
 return "hello";
 }
 
 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
 @InitBinder
 public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
 binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
 true));
 }

七、向前台传递参数

 //pass the parameters to front-end
 @RequestMapping("/show")
 public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
 Person p =new Person();
 map.put("p", p);
 p.setAge(20);
 p.setName("jayjay");
 return "show";
 }

前台可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax调用

 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
 @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
 public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
 pw.write("hello,"+name); 
 }
 @RequestMapping("/name")
 public String sayHello(){
 return "name";
 }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

 $(function(){
 $("#btn").click(function(){
 $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
 alert(data);
 });
 });
 });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

 //redirect 
 @RequestMapping("/redirect")
 public String redirect(){
 return "redirect:hello";
 }

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

 <!-- upload settings -->
 <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
 <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
 </bean>

3.方法代码

 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
 public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
 MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
 MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
 String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); 
 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
 "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
 fos.write(file.getBytes());
 fos.flush();
 fos.close();
 
 return "hello";
 }

4.前台form表单

 <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
 <input type="file" name="file"><br>
 <input type="submit" value="submit">
 </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {
 @RequestMapping(value="/param")
 public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
 @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
 System.out.println(id+" "+name);
 return "/hello";
 } 
}

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
 public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
 System.out.println("get"+id);
 return "/hello";
 }
 
 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
 public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
 System.out.println("post"+id);
 return "/hello";
 }
 
 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
 public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
 System.out.println("put"+id);
 return "/hello";
 }
 
 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
 public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
 System.out.println("delete"+id);
 return "/hello";
 }
 
}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

 <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
 <filter>
 <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
 <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
 <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
 <input type="submit" value="put">
 </form>
 
 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
 <input type="submit" value="post">
 </form>
 
 <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
 <input type="submit" value="get">
 </form>
 
 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
 <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
 <input type="submit" value="delete">
 </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {
 
 @ResponseBody
 @RequestMapping("/user")
 public User get(){
 User u = new User();
 u.setId(1);
 u.setName("jayjay");
 u.setBirth(new Date());
 return u;
 }
}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

 @ExceptionHandler
 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
 mv.addObject("exception", ex);
 System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
 return mv;
 }
 
 @RequestMapping("/error")
 public String error(){
 int i = 5/0;
 return "hello";
 }

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
 @ExceptionHandler
 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
 mv.addObject("exception", ex);
 System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
 return mv;
 }
}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
 <property name="exceptionMappings">
 <props>
 <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
 </props>
 </property>
 </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 @Override
 public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
 HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
 throws Exception {
 System.out.println("afterCompletion");
 }
 @Override
 public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
 Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
 System.out.println("postHandle");
 }
 @Override
 public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
 Object arg2) throws Exception {
 System.out.println("preHandle");
 return true;
 }
}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

 <!-- interceptor setting -->
 <mvc:interceptors>
 <mvc:interceptor>
 <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
 <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
 </mvc:interceptor> 
 </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {
 public int getId() {
 return id;
 }
 public void setId(int id) {
 this.id = id;
 }
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 public Date getBirth() {
 return birth;
 }
 public void setBirth(Date birth) {
 this.birth = birth;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
 return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
 } 
 private int id;
 @NotEmpty
 private String name;
 @Past
 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
 private Date birth;
}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
 id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
 name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
 birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
 <input type="submit" value="submit">
 </form:form> 

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
 @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) 
 public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
 if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ 
 return "addUser";
 }
 return "showUser";
 }
 
 @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
 public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
 map.put("user",new User());
 return "addUser";
 }
}

ps:

1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure the locale resource -->
 <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
 </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

 <body>
 <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
 <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
 </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
 <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

2.User实体类

public class User {
 public int getId() {
 return id;
 }
 public void setId(int id) {
 this.id = id;
 }
 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }
 public Date getBirth() {
 return birth;
 }
 public void setBirth(Date birth) {
 this.birth = birth;
 }
 @Override
 public String toString() {
 return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
 } 
 private int id;
 @NotEmpty
 private String name;
 @Past
 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
 private Date birth;
}

3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {
 public UserService(){
 System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
 }
 
 public void save(){
 System.out.println("save");
 }
}

4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
 @Autowired
 private UserService userService;
 
 @RequestMapping("/user")
 public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
 System.out.println(u);
 userService.save();
 return "hello";
 }
}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
 "
 xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 >
 <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
 expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
 expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> 
 </context:component-scan>
 
</beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

 <!-- configure the springIOC -->
 <listener>
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param> 
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
 <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
 <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
 expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
 <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
 expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
 </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

十九、SpringMVC运行原理

1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet

2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping，找到处理请求的Controller

3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller

4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后，返回ModelAndView

5. DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的视图

6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端

二十、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。

3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。